Surge protection devices (SPDs) are critical components in electrical circuit protection and distribution systems designed to protect sensitive electronic equipment from voltage spikes and transient overvoltage. These devices work by diverting excess voltage to the ground or neutral line and are commonly used in various industrial, commercial, and residential applications. The selection of an appropriate SPD depends on factors such as the specific application, the type and magnitude of potential voltage surges, and the required response time. Proper installation and maintenance are crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems and the equipment they serve.